| Sand Casting | Permanent Mould Casting |
|---|
| 1) Expandable sand mould is used in this process, which is destroyed for every casting cycle. | 1) Permanent mould is used in the permanent mould casting process, which is used for at least 100000 casting cycles at least. |
| 2) Larger-sized castings can be produced using the dry sand moulding process using dry sand. | 2) Large-scale casting cannot be produced due to limitations over the size of the metal mould. |
| 3) Manufacturing casting at any volume is possible as this is a cost-effective method for manufacturing casting. | 3) The cost of manufacturing casting with a lesser volume is not possible as metal moulds are costly. |
| 4) Solidification of molten metal takes place without any external cooling elements and system. | 4) Molten metal in permeant moulds is cooled with automated cooled water channels passing through the metal die. |
| 5) Mass production of casting of the same shape and size is not possible because of solidification time is low, the pouring rate is slow and expandable moulds need to be broken after every casting cycle. | 5) Mass production of casting products is possible as mould need not be broken after each production cycle. The pouring rate and solidification rate of molten metal are fast. |
| 6) This process is prone to mould material defects such as drops, sand holes, cuts washes of sand mould, dirt, sand mould shift, scabs, mould swelling and runout defects. | 6) Mould in permanent casting process is not made from sand giving advantages of reduction in casting defects such as runout, mould shift, scabs and cuts, washes of the mould. |
| 7) Labour cost is high in small foundries for sand mixing, drying, sand testing, pattern production, sand core production, mould production and breakout of mould. | 7) Once the permanent mould is made from metal multiple casting can be mass-produced with fewer operators and low-skill labour, reducing the labour cost. |
| 8) The floor space required for sand casting process is more of a setup for making green, skin-dry and dry sand moulds takes space. | 8) The shop floor space required for this process is smaller as the sand mould-making unit is not required. |
| 9) Not able to produce highly accurate casting even after using dry sand moulds as compared to permanent mould casting processes. | 9) Able to produce highly accurate, dimensionally sound casting as compared to sand casting. |
